蔣介石反攻大陸計畫之研究——以美國檔案為中心

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题名:	蔣介石反攻大陸計畫之研究——以美國檔案為中心
作者:	徐嘉希;HEI, TSUI KA
贡献者:	歷史研究所
关键词:	國光計畫;反攻大陸;國府;蔣介石;Project Guoguang;Counterattack the Mainland;the Government of the Republic of China;Chiang Kai-shek
日期:	2024-06-17
上传时间:	2024-10-09 17:21:20 (UTC+8)
出版者:	國立中央大學
摘要:	1949 年國府自大陸遷臺後，蔣介石便將反攻大陸定為國府首要國策，並且喊出三年內反攻的口號。然而，國府自遷臺以來便缺乏反攻大陸的能力，並且在遷臺初期國府更面臨生死存亡的關頭。雖然韓戰爆發促使美國改變原有對臺政策並向國府提供急需的援助，但同一時間為國府日後的行動帶來大量限制。此外，國府雖然在美國支持和默許下針對大陸沿岸進行多次突擊和滲透行動，但大多數是敗多勝少。與此同時，國府認為中共在 1958 年推行三面紅旗後的失敗是反攻大陸的最佳時機。由此，於 1961 年成立國光作業室並為反攻大陸計畫制定國光計畫，繼而在 1962 年嘗試推動國光計畫。然而，由於美國的反對和阻攔下國府未能在 1962 年發動反攻大陸行動。國光計畫最終也在 1965 年的八六海戰和烏坵海戰的兩次失敗後走向停滯，繼而在 1972 年正式宣布解散國光作業室，至此國府遷臺後的反攻大陸計畫正式告一段落。;In 1949, the mainland fall, and the Government of the Republic of China moved to Taiwan. Although the government moved to Taiwan, Chiang Kai-shek shouted to counterattack the mainland within 3 years. However, the Government of the Republic of China at that time lack of the power to counterattack the mainland and faced a moment of life and death. Korean War broke out changed the original US policy towards Taiwan and provided urgent aid that the Government of the Republic of China needed. At the same time, US aid places lots of limits on the Government of the Republic of China′s military action. Also, in support of the US, the Government of the Republic of China started some actions plus infiltration operations against the mainland, but the actions mainly lost more than won. In 1958, the Government of the Republic of China though People’s Republic China faced a total loss in Three Red Banners(三面紅旗) was a good chance to counterattack mainland. So that in 1961the national government of the Republic of China established Guoguang Operation Office(國光作業室)to plan the operation for counterattack mainland, call Project Guoguang(國光計畫). In 1962, the Government of the Republic of China try to start the Project Guoguang. However, in the US opposition the Government of the Republic of China could not counterattack the mainland in 1962. Finally, Project Guoguang was postponed in 1965 after the loss in the Battle of 86(八六海戰) and the Battle of Wuqiu(烏坵海戰), plus lack of US support. At last, Guoguang Operation Office was dismissed in 1972. This means the Government of the Republic of China mission of counterattacking the mainland ended.
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