| 摘要: | 本研究比較了兩種 ENSO,並比較使用了不同的分類方法的比較來了解不同的 ENSO 來增進對於 ENSO 的了解與預報能力的改善,並了解氣候變遷對 ENSO 的影響。分析 1950-2020的 EOF 分析月平均資料結果顯示,全球海溫存在著多個分布模式,區分之後可得之第 1.3.5的 EOF 模分別代表 1950 的到現在的氣候變化和東部型 ENSO 和中部型 ENSO,這兩種 ENSO有明顯不同,利用分析的各主數據,比較這兩種 ENSO 的海溫分布,以及各個層面的分析結果,可以得知這兩種 ENSO 在全球的各種影響,如美國西海岸和阿拉斯加差異很大,兩種 ENSO似乎導致了阿留申南部的相反影響,中部型 ENSO 阿留申群島南部氣壓出現了負矩平,類似正 PDO,東部型 ENSO 阿留申群島南部氣壓出現了正矩平,類似負 PDO,美國西海岸也出現了不同影響,其他地方如印度洋也導致了不同影響。;This study compares the two types of ENSO using different classification methods to enhance
understanding and forecasting capabilities of ENSO, as well as to understand the impact of climate
change on ENSO. By using the Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF), the analysis of the monthly
mean data from 1950 to 2020 shows multiple distribution patterns of global sea surface temperatures
(SSTs). Among these patterns, the 1st, 3rd, and 5th EOF modes represent climate changes since
1950 and the distinct characteristics of Eastern Pacific and Central Pacific El Niño-Southern
Oscillation (ENSO) events. By comparing the SST distribution and various aspects of these two
types of ENSO, it is evident that they have different impacts on the global climate. For example, the
effects on the west coast of the United States and Alaska differ significantly. The two ENSO types
appear to have opposite influences on the southern Aleutian region: Central Pacific ENSO is
associated with negative pressure anomalies, similar to a positive Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO),
while Eastern Pacific ENSO is associated with positive pressure anomalies, similar to a negative
PDO. These differences also manifest in various regions, such as the Indian Ocean. |
