| 摘要: | 市區道路工程是城市建設的重要組成部分，其造價管理水平直接影響著城市發展的品質和效益。而工程單價作為形成總造價的基礎，更是成本控制的關鍵環節。為了解某直轄市市區道路工程造價管理的現狀和問題，本研究選取了某直轄市13個道路工程、人行道工程和路燈工程案例，對其單位面積造價進行了K-Means集群和綜合分析分析。研究發現，某直轄市市區道路工程各專業的單價水平存在明顯差異，其中道路工程和人行道工程總體較為接近，而路燈工程的單價差異極大，這可能與不同專業在設計標準化和施工個性化方面的特點有關。此外，各專業內部的單價差異程度也不盡相同，道路工程內部差異最小，人行道工程次之，路燈工程最大，這要求本研究在預算編製和成本控制時，要因地制宜，有的放矢。進一步的綜合分析分析表明，多數專案的單價主要集中在適中水平，而偏低和偏高的案例則相對較少。這啟示本研究在造價管理實踐中，應重點關注和分析那些偏離平均水平較多的案例，找出其中可能存在的問題和優化空間。但同時也應認識到，單價高低本身並不能完全反映工程的造價合理性，還需要將其置於具體案例的設計條件、建造要求、市場行情等背景下去系統分析。總的來說，本研究通過對某直轄市市區道路工程單價水平的群組劃分和綜合分析，為診斷和優化造價管理提供了新的視角。本研究建議業主、設計和施工單位應加強工程全生命週期的成本管理，通過強化設計優化、施工組織、招標控制、合同管理等環節，在確保工程品質和安全的前提下，不斷提高投資效率。未來，還可進一步將單價比對分析與各專業工程的變更、計量、驗收等管理資料相結合，為精細化的工程成本控制提供更紮實的依據，促進某直轄市市區道路工程管理水平的整體躍升。;Municipal engineering projects are crucial components of urban construction, and their cost management directly affects the quality and efficiency of urban development. As the foundation of total cost formation, unit price is a key factor in cost control. To understand the current situation and problems of municipal engineering cost management in A certain municipality directly under the central government, this study selected 13 cases of road engineering, sidewalk engineering, and street lamp engineering in A certain municipality directly under the central government and conducted K-Means clustering and cross-comparison analysis on their unit area cost.The study found significant differences in unit price levels among various specialties of municipal engineering projects in A certain municipality directly under the central government. Road engineering and sidewalk engineering were generally similar, while street lamp engineering showed extreme unit price variations. This may be related to the characteristics of different specialties in design standardization and construction customization. Moreover, the degree of unit price variation within each specialty also differed. Road engineering had the smallest internal difference, followed by sidewalk engineering, and street lamp engineering had the largest. This requires us to adapt to local conditions and take targeted approaches when preparing budgets and controlling costs.Further cross-comparison analysis indicated that the unit prices of most projects were mainly concentrated at a moderate level, while cases with low and high unit prices were relatively few. This suggests that in cost management practice, we should focus on and analyze cases that deviate significantly from the average level to identify potential problems and optimization opportunities. However, it should also be recognized that unit price alone cannot fully reflect the rationality of project cost. It needs to be systematically analyzed within the context of specific case design conditions, construction requirements, and market conditions.In summary, through the clustering and cross-comparison of unit price levels in A certain municipality directly under the central government′s municipal engineering projects, this study provides a new perspective for diagnosing and optimizing cost management. We recommend that owners, design, and construction units should strengthen cost management throughout the project lifecycle by enhancing design optimization, construction organization, bidding control, contract management, and other aspects while ensuring project quality and safety to continuously improve investment efficiency. In the future, unit price comparison analysis can be further combined with management data of changes, measurements, and acceptances in various specialized projects to provide a more solid basis for refined project cost control and promote the overall advancement of municipal engineering management in A certain municipality directly under the central government. |
