| 摘要: | 「分包」是營造業經營模式中的重要機制，同時已有眾多研究顯示多層次分包是造成營造業安全績效差的主因，分包出去的作業項目也連帶將原先事業單位需擔負的法定責任與義務外部化，其所影響到的層面與涉及的人員非常廣泛。在眾多分包造成的安全衛生問題之中，各個事業單位的權責劃分不清是一項關鍵因素，由於複雜的分包關係導致工作場所管理的混亂、責任模糊和工作關係不明確。除此之外，我國的安全衛生法規多以雇主為核心的方式去制定相關的職責，然而承攬關係與僱傭關係具有不同的性質，我國對於承攬相關的安衛規定主要僅集中在職業安全衛生法第25-28條，因此承攬管理的規定明顯不足，而法規制訂不完善也會大幅影響實務上的安全狀況。
因此本研究旨在釐清我國營造業分包制度造成之安全衛生問題，瞭解問題之後接著蒐集國內外的資料並比較美國、英國和澳洲等先進國家的安全衛生法規對於承攬管理中安衛責任之規範與做法，來找出我國營造業承攬管理安全衛生法規之精進辦法。研究結果第一部分清楚地辨識出分包作業帶來的安全衛生問題，並總結出承攬關係中關鍵的四項安全衛生議題。第二部份，本研究完成了各國承攬管理安全衛生法規之比較與分析，基於四項安衛議題進而提出「營造業之承攬角色」、「承攬角色之責任對象與事項」、「共同作業下的權責釐清」及「承包商的選擇」之四大比較主題，並得出三項施行於我國的可行性項目。最後根據以上的研究成果進一步研析並提出「營造安全衛生承攬管理辦法」之立法架構建議，以作為我國安全衛生法規對營造業承攬管理之改善對策。;"Subcontracting" is an important mechanism in the business model of the construction industry, many studies have shown that multi-level subcontracting is the main cause of poor safety performance in the construction industry, and the subcontracted projects also externalize the legal responsibilities and obligations that the original employers need to take on. Among the many safety and health problems caused by subcontracting, the unclear delineation of rights and responsibilities of each employer is a key factor, as the complex subcontracting relationship leads to confusion in workplace management, blurred responsibilities and unclear working relationships. However, the contracting relationship is different from the employment relationship, and the safety and health regulations for contracting in Taiwan are mainly concentrated in Articles 25-28 of the Occupational Safety and Health Law, so the regulations for contracting management are obviously inadequate, and the imperfect formulation of regulations will significantly affect the safety situation in practice.
Therefore, this thesis aims to clarify the safety and health problems caused by the subcontracting system in Taiwan′s construction industry. After understanding the problems, we collected domestic and foreign data and compared the safety and health regulations of advanced countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia on the regulation and practice of safety and health responsibilities in contracting management, in order to find out how to improve the safety and health regulations of contracting management in Taiwan′s construction industry. The first result of the study clearly identifies the safety and health issues brought by subcontracting and summarizes four key safety and health issues in the contracting relationship. In the second part, the study completed the comparison and analysis of the safety and health regulations for contracting management in different countries, and based on the four safety and health issues, the four comparative themes of "contracting role in the construction industry", "target and matters of responsibility of contracting role", "determination of rights and responsibilities under joint operation" and "selection of contractors" were proposed, and three feasible items for implementation in Taiwan were derived. Finally, based on the above research results, we further analyze and propose the legislative framework of the "Construction Safety and Health Contractor Management Regulations" as a strategy to improve the construction industry contracting management in Taiwan. |
