| 摘要: | 我國印刷電路板（電路板）的總產值與產量皆在世界位居首位，全球市占率高達三成以上。隨?5G時代來臨，提升智慧手機功能及大量增設基地台；智慧車/電動車發展是未來趨勢，自動駕駛與雷達的超高頻應用是未來發展重點。技術趨勢將有細線化、高頻高速、異質整合、先進晶片封裝與軟性電子、循環經濟等前瞻議題，電路板與封裝產業將持續追求更細線小孔、高頻高速、異質整合的方向發展。在這個發展趨勢之下，將迫使電路板產業必須進行改變製程及工藝升級。
本研究運用經濟學的「結構—行為—績效」 (Structure-Conduct-Performance, S-C-P) 架構理論，分析台灣電路板產業之市場結構、廠商行為與產業績效，以及電路板產業的發展現況，並對於模型，對印刷電路板的演變趨勢及未來進行分析，並提出因應方針及建議。
研究結果發現，我國電路板產業具高層數、高技術門檻、利基型的優勢，是為競爭型市場，產業集中度逐年提高，且「大者恆大」態勢明顯，新進廠商不易進入此市場。近年面對中國的紅色供應鏈崛起，電路板行業競爭驟劇，經營風險越來越高。從產業績效方面來看，集團較能利用垂直及水平整合以發揮較低成本的競爭優勢、生產多樣產品的電路板業者較不會受到產品生命週期而影響收益、技術層次高的軟板及手機板業者擁有高營收且獲利能力較佳。
台灣電路板產業應透過企業併購、策略聯盟、集團效應及全球化佈局的方式，來擴大規模經濟以增強企業競爭力。經過對台灣印刷電路板產業現況，進行深入探討及分析之後，本研究對印刷電路板產業提出以下六點建議，以供我國電路板業者參考。導入智慧製造以提高效能、注重研發以創造新產品、改善製程以提高良率、推廣行銷以拓展客源、保護專利以長遠獲利、管理能源以降低成本，來達到智慧生產來提升產業競爭力。;Taiwan places itself in the first place when it comes to Printed Circuit Board (PCB) production in amount and value, taking up over 30% of market share worldwide. With the approaching 5G era and intelligent vehicles being the trend, wide erections of cell sites and high-frequency radar applications are the highlight in future development. The fabrication technology will be more oriented. PCB and its packaging industries consistently target better thinning, higher frequency and speed, heterogeneous integration. Under this trend of development, PCB industries are forced to undergo a series of process and fabrication upgrades.
This study implements Structure-Conduct-Performance (S-C-P) model to analyze market structure, firm behaviors, business performance, and current situation in development of PCB industry. It further addresses the evolution trend of PCBs and their future by proposing adaptive policies and suggestions.
Research indicates that Taiwanese PCB industry is an aggregation of technology-intensive companies and is highly competitive. The degree of industrial concentration rises over years, thus posing a high entry barrier for newcomers. In the face of enlarging Chinese supply chains, both the competition and business risk spiked. From the business performance’s point of view, corporations tend to perform vertical and horizontal integration to reduce production costs. PCB manufacturers who diversify product lines can minimize the impact from the product life cycle. Companies with high-level technology on flexible print circuit (FPC) tend to have higher gains and profitability.
Mergers and acquisitions (M&A), strategic alliances, ensemble effect, globalization can all be performed to strengthen Taiwanese domestic PCB industries. This work concludes by proposing 6 suggestions for PCB industries in Taiwan - import intelligent manufacturing processes for better productivity, focus on R&D for innovation, refine manufacturing processes for better yield, promote to expand business, ensure patents for long-term profit, and engage in energy management to reduce costs. These can be performed to boost industry competitiveness. |
