族群意識的成長與性別平權價值是近年台灣社會發展的重要歷程，儘管台灣女性政治參與比例在不同層級的選舉逐年提高，但部分鄉鎮女性參政停滯不前的現象卻持續至今。女性參政比例低與沒有女性參選的選區，多數集中在人口密度較低或是族群聚居區。本研究將探討形成此一現象的社會結構要素，包括她們的參選與族群身分、性別政治，以及其所處的地方政治之間的關係，分析這些地區的女性參選跟婦女保障制度應用現況，進一步掌握制度的作用，並提出對制度與政策研議之建議。 本子計畫將以三年為期，藉由文獻分析法、深度訪談法與焦點團體法等研究方法，依據地方選舉之選區劃分，對客家文化重點發展區與原住民選區進行女性參政的社會歷程與相關制度的研究，探討以下三個研究議題：一、客家與原住民選區中的女性參政與婦女保障制度的關係；二、地方政治與性別政治如何影響客家與原住民選區的女性參政；三、分析客家與原住民女性參政的多重交織狀態，與研議提高參政比例的相關制度。第一個議題的研究重心在釐清既有的婦女保障制度能否回應客家與原住民選區中的女性參選當選；第二個議題的研究重心在於探討這些選區中女性參選是否受到地方政治與性別政治的影響，有那些層面的影響，以及她們如何回應；第三個議題則是進一步分析地方選舉中的女性參政的結構困境與研議相關改善制度，以回應政府部門正在進行的地方民意代表婦女保障名額制度之修法。簡言之，本子計畫核心關懷為釐清女性在客家與原住民選區的參選受到什麼樣的地方政治與性別政治影響，既有的保障制度是否具有鼓勵與保障在地女性的政治參與，以及如何改善制度與政策之建議為主要研究目標。 ;The advancement of ethnic consciousness and gender equality is essential to Taiwan’s recent social development. Despite the increasing proportion of women participating in politics at various levels of elections in Taiwan, political representation of women at the township level has long been stagnant. Constituencies with few or no female candidates include areas with low population density or minority ethnic communities. This study explored the social structural factors contributing to this phenomenon, namely the relationship between women’s political participation and ethnic identity, gender politics, and local politics. Women’s political involvement and the status of political positions reserved for women in these areas were analyzed to further determine the influence of this system and propose suggestions for future development of the system and policy. This 3-year subproject employed methods such as literature analysis, in-depth interviews, and focus groups. The social processes and relevant systems of women’s political participation in the Key Development Area of Hakka Culture and indigenous constituencies were explored, focusing on three research topics; 1. the relationship between women’s political participation and the political positions reserved for women in Hakka and indigenous constituencies; 2. the effects of local and gender politics on women’s political participation in Hakka and indigenous constituencies; 3. to analyze the plight of Hakka and indigenous women regarding their political participation and to develop relevant regulations to increase their participation rate. The first topic focused on determining the capabilities of the existing political reservation system for women and their political involvement in Hakka and indigenous constituencies. The second topic centered on the influences of local and gender politics on women’s political participation in these constituencies and the women’s responses to these influences. The third topic further analyzed the structural obstacles to women's political participation in local elections; relevant regulations to promote the reservation of political positions for women at the local legislative level are proposed. In sum, the objectives of this project were to clarify the effects of local and gender politics on women’s political participation in Hakka and indigenous constituencies, to determine whether the existing system encourages and guarantees the political participation of local women, and to offer suggestions for system and policy improvement.
