| 摘要: | 對落實大型公共工程計畫中數千個潛藏且複雜工程界面的有效管理，一直為營建施工管理層面上所關切與聚焦的重點。近年來，因為類似的基礎建設計畫的複雜性和管理範圍又摻雜入額外的全球化、跨地域間配送和多種工作文化協同作業等需求條件，更增管理層面上的嚴峻挑戰，以及在各相關界面利害者間，滋生眾多不可預見的工程風險。
大眾捷運系統計畫亦屬此類大型公共工程，係由十數種不同種類土建、相關聯的子系統工項與由跨國系統廠商提供專利性的各類機電子、次系統等各類營建工程項目共同組成，在其施工過程的全生命週期中，同樣結合了繁瑣而複雜的工程界面。這些捷運工程項目的設計和建造過程中，也同樣需要在各種不同類型的工程界面間進行複雜的整合過程，包括土木和建築、軌道工程、電梯電扶梯、水電消防、環境控制系統、以及核心電氣與機械系統，這些均是一般大型公共工程項目界面管理上所共同遭遇並急需解方的界面管理議題。因此，此種捷運工程計畫亦最適合做為研發有效界面管理的方法論的範本，並可為其他大型的公共工程計畫所沿用。
傳統上，捷運工程計畫的界面設計整合，僅著重於土建與機電工程子系統間特定界面需求條件的整合程序與施工作業，例如結構機電界面圖或機電系統整合圖的套繪與製作。然而，此種方式並未能將所選定的機電系統規格與指定的土建設計間所有必要的物理性界面，於置入前事先針對有關子系統間相互依存條件上的工程必要性進行評估與篩選。於是當設計完成後，所有必要或非必要的工程界面均被同步置入，而需於施工期間消耗時間與資源進行管理。此類界面若未能預先完整的揭示及適時的管理，必將於施工階段的各界面單位間橫生無數的爭議，而嚴重推遲整體進度，部分爭議甚至可能會延續到營運階段，直接影響到維護或操作程序的效率而降低其整體營運功效。
本研究的目的在以預防性的思維，以串連式的步驟程序，先行建構出一套對捷運工程施工完整而有效的界面管理方案，以為未來擴延並應用於其他具類似複雜界面的公共工程計畫。其核心途徑乃是藉由過往台灣捷運工程的實際施工界面管理的問題與失敗的紀錄為基礎，進行全面而系統性的檢閱以鑑別出一再發生的界面問題的關聯類型統計，而歸納出可於設計與施工階段重複應用的界面管理準則，此包括(1)發展出可重複使用的預防性設計準則，以便在初始設計階段即能先行有效地減少工程界面，(2)就後續的構築階段釐訂高效率的逐步界面管理程序，推動施工中作業的工程界面,以及(3)說明本項方法沿用至其他複雜公共工程之可行性與建議。本研究本論文展示了一種在設計階段即預防性地縮減工程界面與應用於施工管理的新概念，以實現高效的執行和管理目標，並將總體施工時間平均節省37％，從而顯著降低計畫的資源需求。
有關本項預防性的界面設計準則與施工界面管理程序的研究成果，不僅具有讓大型公共工程大幅節省施工時間與資源的管理潛力，同時預防性地減少可避免的工程爭議，對現有工程界面管理的知識體系有所貢獻。
;Engineering interface management (EIM) practices have been the focus of construction management concerns to effectively manage thousands of embedded and complicated engineering interfaces in complex capital projects. Recently, management challenges have increased since the complexity and scope of the scale of these infrastructure projects are combined with additional globalization, multiple geographical distribution and coordination among various working cultures with unforeseen construction risks among interfacing stakeholders.
Mass rapid transit (MRT) projects comprise one class of projects. This type of combined construction engineering work, which consists of numerous different trades of civil/architectural, related subworks and patent electrical and mechanical subsystems supplied by global system suppliers, is binding with tedious and complicated engineering interfaces throughout the construction life cycles. The design and construction of these MRT projects requires a sophisticated process of integration among different types of engineering work interfaces, including civil and architectural, track work, escalators/elevators, mechanical/electrical/plumbing, environmental control systems, and core electrical and mechanical systems, in which issues are frequently encountered and required for solutions in the interface management (IM) of traditional capital projects construction. Therefore, this MRT project can serve as the perfect template for developing applicable IM methodology for effectively resolving interfacing issues; it can be extended to other kinds of capital projects.
Traditionally, interface design integration for an MRT project primarily focuses on the integration needs of specific interface requirements among civil, electrical and mechanical (E&M) subsystems, such as the production of structural, electrical and mechanical drawings or combined services drawings and their construction. However, this approach does not pre-evaluate and filter all engineering necessities on subsystems’ interdependencies before considering all necessary physical interfaces between the chosen E&M specifications and designated civil designs. When the designs are completed, all engineering interfaces that are needed or unneeded are embedded and require time and resources to manage during construction. When these interfaces are not thoroughly revealed and preplanned for timely management, they generate countless disputes among project parties in the construction stage and considerably delay the total progress. Some of the conflicting outcomes may further extend their impacts to the operation stage, which induce inefficient maintenance or operation procedures and reduce the total service efficacy.
The objective of this thesis, by taking the proven advantages of the design-build (DB) type of contracting, is to propose a series of stepwise procedures in a preventive scenario for developing a completed and effective IM solution for DB MRT project design and construction, which can be easily extended and reused in other capital projects with similar complex interfaces in the future. Its core methodology is to use all as-built experiences of these IM issues, including failures in Taiwan MRT constructions, as the basis to perform a thorough and systematic review to identify the types of dependencies of recurrent interface issues. These summaries will then be applied to generalize reusable IM criteria for design and construction stages. The criteria include (1) the development of a reusable preventive design criteria to preemptively and effectively minimize the engineering interfaces during the initial design stage; (2) the design of an efficient stepwise IM solution for managing the engineering interface in the construction stage; and (3) the exploration of the potential applicability of this IM methodology to extend to other complex capital projects. This thesis has demonstrated a new way for the preventive IM concept to immediately minimize the project interfaces in the design stage to achieve effective and efficient management performance for significantly reducing the total construction time by an average of 37% and conserve project resources.
The preventive interface design criteria and construction IM procedures of this study contribute to the EIM body of knowledge and demonstrate great potential in reducing construction time and resources, as well as contract disputes for DB capital contracts. |
