雅加達的邦加(Bangka)客家人之認同變遷;Identity Transition of the Bangka Hakkas in Jakarta

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题名:	雅加達的邦加(Bangka)客家人之認同變遷;Identity Transition of the Bangka Hakkas in Jakarta
作者:	李愛珍;LEE, AI-CHEN
贡献者:	客家語文暨社會科學學系客家研究碩士在職專班
关键词:	雅加達;邦加;客家人;遷移;認同;Jakarta;Bangka;Hakka;migration;identity
日期:	2019-07-26
上传时间:	2019-09-03 15:00:53 (UTC+8)
出版者:	國立中央大學
摘要:	為謀求更好的生活，許多邦加客家人再次遷移到雅加達或其他都會區。在雅加達，他們遇到多樣的族群，為了融入當地的生活，他們得做出一些改變。本研究透過田野、參與觀察以及訪談法，來了解22位雅加達邦加客家人的生命經驗，探討其遷移過程對他們的認同產生何種變遷？以及遷移後他們的日常生活產生何種文化混雜的現象？研究發現22位研究參與者中的客家認同都缺乏原祖籍，而是以生長的故鄉代替原祖籍。他們創造一種專屬的新分類，不再使用祖先的籍貫，而是依印尼的地區做為分別。由於歷史背景、族群差異、環境等因素，面對印尼社會對於華人族群的打壓，邦加客家人的族群認同主要以「印尼華人認同」為主，但這並非表示客家認同並不存在，在訪談過程中受訪者曾表示以為「華人就是客家人」，本研究可以看出情境對族群認同具有極大的影響，遇到不同的情況，他們會自稱是邦加人、客家人或是邦加客家人，但不能抹滅屬於建構論及原生論的族群認同，尤其是原生論，我門可以從語言及飲食方面發現，實際上原生論潛藏在雅加達邦加客家人的生活中。 ;In search of a better life, many Bangka Hakkas have remigrated to Jakarta or other metropolitan areas.In Jakarta, they encounter diverse ethnic groups and have to make some changes in order to integrate into the local life.In this study, we used the field survey, participation observation, and interview methods to learn about the life experiences of 22 Hakkas living in Jakarta and explored how the migration processes have changed their self identities. We also investigated what cultural hybridity phenomena they may have encountered in daily life after the migration. We found that all of the 22 participants in this study lack the Hakka ancestral origin identity, and have replaced their ancestral origins with the childhood hometowns. They have created an exclusive new classification that is distinguished by Indonesian regions instead of the ancestral origins. Due to the historical background, ethnic differences, living environment, and Indonesian society′s suppression of the Chinese ethnic group; the ethnic identity of the Bangka Hakkas is primarily based on the "Indonesian Chinese Identity." However, this does not mean that the Hakka identity has ceased to exist. During the interview, the respondents claimed that "Chinese are Hakkas." We found that scenario has a significant influence on ethnic identity. Although the respondents may claim to be Bangka, Hakka, or Bangka Hakka under different circumstances; it does not erase their ethnic identity under the constructivism and primitivism theories. In particular, we observed that primitivism is embedded into the lives of the Hakka people in Jakarta in terms of language and diet.
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