家園、記憶與連結：《印度商報》和印度塔壩客家華人凝視;Home, Memory, and Connection: Cultural Identity, Oversea Chinese Commerce of India, and Hakka Chinese Community in Tangra

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题名:	家園、記憶與連結：《印度商報》和印度塔壩客家華人凝視;Home, Memory, and Connection: Cultural Identity, Oversea Chinese Commerce of India, and Hakka Chinese Community in Tangra
作者:	徐亦德;HSU, YI-TE
贡献者:	客家社會文化研究所
关键词:	印度客家;塔壩;海外客家;社區媒體;Hakka community in India;Tangra;Hakkas diaspora;community medium
日期:	2019-01-17
上传时间:	2019-04-02 14:33:24 (UTC+8)
出版者:	國立中央大學
摘要:	隨著海外客家研究逐漸受到重視，過去台灣社會所陌生的印度客家族群，也透過各種媒體報導與紀錄片而被注意。據資料顯示，現今生活在印度加爾各答（特別是塔壩）的華人中，絕大多數是來自廣東省梅縣的客家人。他們以「客家話」作口說語言，以「中文」作為書寫語言。本研究將鎖定位於印度的客家聚落「塔壩」作為研究主題範圍，並以當地的社區媒介《印度商報》做為研究對象。以此報刊之功能與特殊地位，深描加爾各答的塔壩華人聚落之發展。本研究透過歷史分析、文本分析、論述分析等研究方法，對《印度商報》文本及塔壩聚落進行觀察。塔壩地區曾因發展皮革業而使華人聚居，《印度商報》在皮革業最盛時發行至今，這份刊物與其所在社區、皮革業都有著相當深的關係；即便目前皮革業榮景不如從前，塔壩面臨產業轉型、人口外流、少子化及高齡化的危機，印度唯一的中文報紙《印度商報》仍持續扮演塔壩內部溝通與外界訊息接收的重要傳統媒介。研究發現，疊合報刊機構史與印度華人遷移史，《印度商報》、印度華人數、塔壩皮革業之間有著顯著的相關，透過對於《印度商報》的文本及論述分析，發現其對於當地華人社群的多重功能，且因其特殊性，使之成為塔壩社群再現的重要管道。 ;As more attention is paid to studies on Hakka diaspora, the Hakka community in India that Taiwanese society was unfamiliar with in the past has been noticed through media coverage and documentaries. Most Chinese people living in Kolkata in India now are Hakkas with an origin from Meixian District in Guangdong Province in China. They speak “Hakka” and write in “Chinese.” This study focuses on Tangra, a Hakka community in India, as the research topic, and aim to explore the news medium of the local community, Oversea Chinese Commerce of India, related to the former of their cultural identity . Based on the functions and the special status of this newspaper, the study traces the development of the Chinese community in Tangra in Kolkata. The study observes printed texts of Oversea Chinese Commerce of India and the Hakka community in Tangra with research methods as historical analysis, textual analysis, and discourse analysis. Chinese people moved to Tangra because of the booming development of the tannery industry, and Oversea Chinese Commerce of India has been issued up to date since the heyday of the tannery industry. There is a profound relationship between the newspaper, the local community, and the tannery industry. Even though the prospects of the tannery industry are not as brightening as they were in the past, and Tangra has faced with crises of industrial transformation, emigration, the declining birth rate, and ageing population, Oversea Chinese Commerce of India as the only newspaper published in Chinese in India keeps functioning as an important traditional medium for the Hakka community in Tangra to carry out internal communication and reception of external information. The study discovered the significant relevance between Oversea Chinese Commerce of India, the number of Chinese population in India, and the tannery industry in Tangra from the analysis of the history of the newspaper institution and the history of the migration of Chinese Indians. Through the textual analysis and discourse analysis of Oversea Chinese Commerce of India, this study reveals the newspaper’s multiple functions beneficial for the local Chinese community, as well as its particularity that has made it an important medium for the representation of the Chinese community in Tangra.
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