當族群文化遇到基督信仰:三位客家婦女的敘事分析;When the Ethnic Groups Meet the Christian Belief: A Narrative Analysis of the Three Hakka Women

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题名:	當族群文化遇到基督信仰:三位客家婦女的敘事分析;When the Ethnic Groups Meet the Christian Belief: A Narrative Analysis of the Three Hakka Women
作者:	黃春媛;HUANG, CHUN-YUAN
贡献者:	客家研究碩士在職專班
关键词:	女性自主意識;宗教信仰;基督徒;敘事分析;feminine consciousness;religious belief;Christian;narrative study
日期:	2017-01-23
上传时间:	2017-05-05 17:19:40 (UTC+8)
出版者:	國立中央大學
摘要:	本論文透過三位客家婦女改宗基督教之生命歷程，從婦女們成長史、改宗的原因與歷程，以及她們改宗後的生活這三個項度中，發現了客家婦女在生命中經歷的重大事件，因著追求自主的宗教信仰，在這新的宗教領域中，她們的主體性與自我意識及信心得以在此建立起來，又藉著傳統客家文化中的傳承，勤樸、踏實、堅忍、良善的好德性，這兩種新舊文化的連結與融合，幫她們度過了生命的關卡與危機，並找到生命的出口與對生命意義的詮釋。主要的旨趣在探究當族群文化遇到基督信仰所產生的張力；研究目的在於一、了解客家婦女改宗基督教的原因與歷程；二、分析客家婦女成為基督徒後的處境與因應對策；三、基督信仰對其生命產生的影響。採用半結構式訪談的方式蒐集文本資料；並從女性自主意識、宗教信仰改宗的歷程，以及終極關懷三個層面建構；再以敘事分析的方法，分析詮釋資料。研究發現﹕一、客家文化中的『祭祖』對三位客家婦女改宗而言，實質上是產生影響的，但對於客家特質『節儉持家，不捨捐獻』的刻板概念則不一致。然而，對於傳統習俗中的『禁忌』則不受影響。二、客家婦女的自主信仰在家庭中受到以下的限制:(一)「唯我獨尊、唯命是從」的『父權』；(二)不同的信仰；(三)繁瑣的家庭勞務與工作。三、客家婦女改宗基督教的初衷為(一)解除生命危機；(二)人際的關懷，促使靈裡感動。四、客家婦女改宗成為基督徒之後，遭遇的困境有﹕(一)家庭角色責任與宗教的衝突；(二)信仰價值觀的衝突；(三)家人不理解信仰動機；(四)靈性掙扎。因應之道有(一)協商談判； (二)退避忍讓；(三)「阿 Q 精神」。五、客家婦女成為基督徒後，對生命的詮釋與改變有(一)願意饒恕、謙卑學習，認為苦難是神化妝的祝福；(二)放下憂慮、多做主工，將生命盼望在主；(三)恐懼感降低，樂於背負生命的十字架。研究所得結論如下：ㄧ、敬拜祖先源頭，禁忌『out』:她們從上帝那裡，得到了安慰與保守，所以，生活當中沒有禁忌、沒有與神交換條件。二、女性自主意識是賦權的基本養分；以『愛』灌溉，建立與家人美好關係。三、改宗基督教來自婚姻的衝突大於原生家庭。四、追求自主宗教信仰與完整家庭的兩全:三位與談人都表示，雖然她們的婚姻處境岌岌可危，但是她們一致認為，擁有「完整健全的家庭」與「追求自主的宗教信仰」是她們汲汲營營努力的目標與盼望。五、生命的力量、盼望與主權，都在於神:三位與談人都認為，唯有把自己全然交托主，將生命的主權交在主手裡，才能在平靜安穩中得到力量與領受神所賜的豐盛。本研究透過信仰者敘說其生命故事，言說生命的意義與價值，呈現基督教信仰在信仰者生活經驗與應用之樣貌；希望能讓讀者對基督信仰有更深層的認識。關鍵字：女性自主意識、宗教信仰、基督徒、敘事分析;Through the life process of three Hakka women’s conversion to Christianity, this study explored the significant events of these Hakka women in three dimentions: their growth history, the causes and course of their conversion, and their lives after the conversion. In the pursuit of independent religious beliefs, they established their subjectivity, self-awareness and confidence in this new field of religion with virtues of diligence, rationality, perseverance and kindness that were heritages of Hakka Culture. During the process, with the integration and link between the old and the new culture, they went through crises in their lives, and found their way and interpretation of the meaning of life. The main purpose was to explore the tension created by ethnicity′s encounter with Christianity；The purposes of the study are as follows: I. understanding the reasons and courses of these Hakka Women ′s Reformation to Christianity. II. Analysis of Hakka women’s situation as Christians and response measures. III. The impact of Christianity on their lives. By adopting semi-structured interviews, the data was analyzed by means of narrative research from three aspects: female self-consciousness, religious faith reformation, and ultimate care. The findings of this study were: I. The "ancestor worship" in Hakka culture was influenced essentially for these Hakka women’s conversion to Christianity, but the stereotype of Hakka characteristics of "thrift housekeeping, reluctant donations" is inconsistent. However, the taboo in tradition was not affected. II. Hakka women′s belief autonomy was restricted in the family by the follows: 1. Egoistic and submissive patriarchy. 2. Different beliefs. 3. Tedious chores and job. III. Hakka women’s motives to convert to Christianity were as follows: 1. To lift crises in life. 2. Interpersonal care prompted sensation in spirit. VI. The difficulties that Hakka women encountered after their conversion to Christianity were as follows: 1. The conflict between family responsibility and religion. 2. The conflict of values in belief. 3. Families did not understand their motives of faith. 4. Spiritual struggle. Their coping strategies were: 1. Negotiation and conciliation; 2. Withdraw and endurance; 3. The spirit of Don Quixote. V. Hakka women’s interpretation of the meaning of life and changes after conversion to Christianity were: 1. They were willing to forgive, learned humbly, and believed that the suffering of life is the blessing of God. 2. Put down worries and had faith in God. 3. Fear was reduced and was willing to bear the cross of life. The conclusions are as follows: I. Worshiping ancestors, and the taboo is "out": From God, they have been comforted and protected. There is no taboo in their lives. There is no exchange of conditions with God. II. Female autonomy is the basic nutrient for empowerment; It is important to establish a good relationship with family members with "love" III. There were more conflicts from their marriages than from their families toward their conversion to Christianity IV. The pursuit of independent religious beliefs and the integrity of the family co-existed. The three Hakka women express that although their marital status is in jeopardy, having a "complete and healthy family" and "pursuing an autonomous religious faith" are the goals and aspirations of their efforts. V. The power of life, hope and sovereignty lied in God. The three Hakka women think that only when they entrust themselves to God, hand the sovereignty of life to God can they get the power and richness from God in peace and stability. Through the life stories of the believers, this study expounded the meaning and value of life, presented the experience of the Christian faith in the believer′s life experience and application, and hoped to give readers a deeper understanding of Christian faith. Keywords: feminine consciousness, religious belief, Christian, narrative study
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