| 摘要: | 台灣電路板產業的國際競爭力近5年來已和日本並列。自第一家台商印刷電路板廠滬士電子股份有限公司(在台灣為楠梓電子)於1993年在大陸昆山設廠後，即陸續帶動板廠與供應鏈西進。根據台灣電路板協會的最新資料，2011年兩岸台商產值超過170億美金，其中大陸台商貢獻超過52%。
大陸十二五啟動，要將世界工廠轉型為「內需型消費產業與生活服務業」。2008金融海嘯和2010陸續爆發的歐洲主權債務危機，讓世界主要經濟強國失業率高居不下，各國領袖不禁思考一個問題：尋回失落的製造業，增加就業機會，降低失業率。2011 年 6 月，美國總統歐巴馬宣布啟動“先進製造夥伴（Advanced Manufacturing Partnership）”，旨在提升製造能力，使製造業回流美國，進而創造就業機會。英國政府發動“再工業化”，他的策略是“高價值設計和創新”─從傳統製造走向高科技製造。韓國政府加緊和各國簽訂FTA，並於2012年4月開始啟動“企業回國投資方案”，全方位提供包括土地、人力、租稅、金融等政策支援，以鼓勵韓國的海外「鮭魚」游回韓國。台灣也在2012年開始推出系列獎勵台商回台投資方案，並有跨部會的統一窗口提供台商諮詢服務。未來幾年儼然會演出“在地製造”的戲碼，這個趨勢也和減緩溫室效應的目的相呼應。
本研究主要目的是探討，在這樣的大環境下，電路板產業回台擴廠的可能性，以及如何永續維持這個產業的競爭優勢於不墜。1. 本研究主架構之一是以麥可?波特的鑽石理論模型 (Porter’s Diamond Model) 與產業群聚來分析台灣電路板產業的國際競爭優勢。
2. 以專家訪談及文獻分析方法來研究電路板產業回流台灣的推與拉（Push and Pull）的因素，並探討政府與企業應有的做為。
3. 從科技的演進，探討產業從第一S曲線到第二S曲線，應有的方向與努力，呼應與確保鮭魚返鄉後對企業本身與台灣有實質的貢獻。
Taiwan PCB industry's international competitiveness in the past few years has been overtaken Japan. Since the first Taiwanese printed circuit board, WUS Electronics Co., Ltd. had set up factory in Kunshan, China in 1993, after that many PCB Shops and supply chain’s companies moved to china. According to the Taiwan Printed Circuit Association's (TPCA) latest data, in 2011 the output value was over 17 billion USD of Taiwan’s PCB Shops including China’s factories, which contributed more than 52% of total output value.China's 12th Five Years Plan has been started, attempted to transform the "world's factory" status into a “domestic demand and consumption services industries ". The world's major economic powers have high unemployment after financial tsunami of 2008, and the European sovereign debt crisis outbreak of 2010, the leaders of these nations thought about the question: How to recover the lost manufacturing to increase employment opportunities and reduce unemployment. June 2011, U.S. President Barack Obama announced the launch of "Advanced Manufacturing Partnership (AMP)", aims to enhance manufacturing capability, to return the U.S. manufacturing sector to go back U.S., and thus create jobs. UK government launched the "Re-industrialization", his strategy is "high-value design and innovative" ─ could make the change from traditional manufacturing to high-tech manufacturing. The South Korean government to intensify the speed of signing FTA to other countries, and started "Corporate home investment program" in April 2012 to provide comprehensive, including land, labor, tax, financial and other policies support to encourage South Korea's overseas "salmon" return to Korea . Taiwan’s government was also launched a series of planning to incentives Taiwan enterprise in other countries (especial in China) to return to Taiwan, and there is a cross-ministry window provides consulting services. The next few years seems to be performed "Domestic manufacture” scene and it just match the trend of mitigation of greenhouse purposes.Purpose of this study is to investigate the possibility of the Printed Circuit Board industry returning to Taiwan to expand the plant. The other purpose is discussing how to maintain a sustainable competitive advantage of this very important industry in Taiwan.1. One of the primary structures of this study is Michael Porter's Diamond Model and industry clusters to analyze Taiwan PCB industry's international competitiveness.
2. Using expert interviews and document analysis method to study the circuit board industry return to Taiwan's push and pull factors. And try to discuss the government and enterprises should be expected.
3. From the evolution of science and technology to study the industry how to choice, right direction and make proper efforts from the first S-curve shift to the second S-curve, and to ensure that salmon returning of these enterprises could have contribution to Taiwan. |
