| 摘要: | 全球暖化、溫室效應的議題不斷發酵，「節能減碳」已是各國力推的口號。地球陸地已有四分之一沙漠化，每天有二萬多人因為飢餓而死亡，熱帶雨林可能於百年後消失；人類過去因追求經濟發展，對環境做出無知的行為與活動，致使地球上各地維持生命的生態體系受到嚴重的傷害，最終將影響人類的生存。 大自然的反撲實例，在各國陸續上演，人類已意識到天災的可怕，面對毀滅性的災難降臨時，是無法「人定勝天」的；天災加上人禍的破壞力，更是後患無窮，日本的「311大地震」加上「福島核能外洩」事件，就是血淋淋的案例，人類再不善待地球，人禍的摧毀力量將比天災來得可怕，最後使人類走向滅亡的主因，亦可能就是人類本身。 反「國光石化開發計畫」的環保運動，讓台灣人民對環境汙染的認知加深，政府在面對發展經濟與環境保護的抉擇時，是否該深思人類永續的問題。最快樂的窮國－不丹，國民所得只有台灣的二十分之一，但全國97%的人民卻認為自己很快樂，領導人捨棄與軍事發展，讓國內有限的資源用在民生、醫療、與教育上，全國農民採傳統耕作方式，堅持不用化學肥料，不把自然資產當資源的理念深植民心，與老子的「道」、「自然」、「無為」之理念不謀而合，是此，人類追求快樂，並非得全部寄託在經濟發展上，高品質的生活，是建立豐富的精神生活之上。 老子的《道德經》有五千餘字，是全世界最暢銷的中文書籍，紐約時報甚至將老子列為古今中外世界十大作家之首，其思想影響後代世人既深且遠，本文將採取老子的理念，為全球追求經濟發展造成的環境汙染的盲點，藉由《道德經》中的「慈」、「儉」、「不敢為天下先」的進路解題，進行現代解讀、詮譯，再以 「去奢」、「去甚」、「去泰」的心靈淨化，提出對環境汙染之解題及人類返樸歸真之展望。 Since global warming and the greenhouse effect have become topics of widespread worry lately, “Energy Conservation and Carbon Reduction” officially becomes an environmental protection slogan for countries all over the world.Desertification threatening has covered 25 percent of the earth's land and everyday there are 20,000 people dead because of hunger. Tropical rainforests may disappear in one hundred years; the ignorant behaviors and activities which human beings had made to the environment in the past due to the pursuit of economic development, resulting in serious injuries to the life-sustaining eco-system of the Earth, which may ultimately lead to human extinction. The instances of Mother Nature’s fight-back are currently happening one after another in countries all around the world. The mankind has been aware of the severity of terrible natural disasters, that is, when facing the devastating disasters, it is not possible that “Man Can Conquer Nature”. Natural calamities coupled with the destructive power of man-made disasters sometimes make the situation even worse. For instance, the “Japan 311 Earthquake” came along with the “Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster”, which truly shows that if human beings do not treat the earth right, man-made destructive power will be more terrible than natural disasters. Eventually, the main cause for mankind extinction may be mankind itself. The environmental movement, such as “Anti-KuoKuang Petrochemical Plant Project”, has made the people of Taiwan be aware of the severity of environmental pollution. It also makes the government to consider the mankind sustainable coexistence issue when facing the choices between economic development and environmental protection. Take Bhutan for example, it’s the happiest poor country of the world. Although its national income is only one twentieth of Taiwan’s, 97% of the people in Bhutan think that they are happy. The leader of Bhutan abandons military development and makes the best use of the limited resources in people's livelihood, healthcare and education. The farmers in Bhutan adopt traditional farming methods without using the chemical fertilizers and the concept of “cherish natural assets and resources” is deeply rooted in their mind. This kind of concept perfectly matches with the ideas like “Tao”, “Being natural” and “Being inactive” of the Chinese philosopher “LaoTzu”. This proves that the happiness we pursuit is not totally relied on economic development; on the contrary, the highest quality of life relies on the rich spiritual life. The "Tao Te Ching" of Lao Tzu has over five thousand words and it is the world's best-selling Chinese book. The New York Times even listed “Lao Tzu” as the best of the ancient and modern world's top ten writers. His thinking affects the future generations of the world far and wide. This essay will adopt the philosophy of Lao Tzu and use the modern interpretation of the three basic virtues like “compassion”, “frugality” and “humility” of “Tao Te Ching” to solve the blind spot of the environmental pollution caused by the global pursuit of economic development. Then, use the soul purification methods like “putting away extravagance”, “putting away excessive effort” and “putting away easy indulgence” of “Taoism” to provide solutions to the environmental pollution and future prospect of returning to innocence for human beings. |
