| 摘要: | 臺灣的地理及語言環境，使其土地上的客家話相較於原鄉，或其他地區的客家話受閩南語的影響更為深遠。臺灣的閩客方言除了從原鄉帶過來的共同詞彙外，在臺灣兩者相互消長的過程中，相較在原鄉的距離，在臺灣的閩客方言因距離相近而出現更多原鄉所沒有的借詞。本文蒐集臺灣閩客的共同詞彙，實際調查臺灣客家話的原鄉蕉嶺、陸河、豐順、饒平及詔安，比較兩岸客家話的詞彙，並試圖從閩客共同詞彙中，區分古漢語、底層詞及借詞。本文共有五章，第一章為緒論，說明研究動機與目的，研究方法與步驟，回顧與探討過去關於詞彙比較研究、語言接觸的文獻，並概略介紹本文調查的方言點及發音人；第二章及第三章為本文重點，將臺灣客家話中的閩南語借詞予以分類，並分析借用方式及對應細節，第二章首先說明本文對於借詞的定義及分類原則，並分析整理詞形借詞，包括詞形部份移借、詞形完全移借及閩客合璧詞；第三章則整理了音韻類的借詞，包括音韻部份移借及音韻完全移借兩部份，並統整詞形移借及音韻移借的對應規律；第四章是臺灣閩客共同保留的古漢語詞及底層詞的整理，古漢語的部份，另外蒐集吳語、湘語、贛語及粵語的說法，並列出古文獻以証該詞為古漢語；底層詞的部份，則有壯侗苗瑤畬及臺灣南島語的說法，以供對照參考；第五章為結論，歸納臺灣閩客與原鄉的互動所造成的影響差異，總結借詞對應規律，及古漢語、底層詞、借詞的詞條數量，最後提出針對詞彙比較的檢討與建議。The impact of Taiwanese Hakka Dialects from the Southern Min Dialect is more far-reaching than the original township and other areas because of the geographic and linguistic environment in Taiwan. Taiwanese Hakka Dialects and the Southern Min Dialect in addition to the common words, brought over from the original township, Taiwanese Hakka Dialects have more loanwords from the Southern Min dialect due to the closer distance than in their hometown.This article collects the common words of the Taiwanese Hakka Dialects and the Southern Min Dialect. We investigate the Hakka Dialects in the homelands of Taiwan’s, including Jiaoling（蕉嶺）, Luhe（陸河）,Fengshun（豐順）, Raoping（饒平） and Zhaoan（詔安）. Compare the Hakka vocabularies between Taiwan and China, and try to recognize and induce the common words into the ancient Chinese, the substratum, and loanwords.This article consists of five chapters. Exordium, the first chapter, illustrates the motivation, purpose, research methods and procedures of the study. Review and discuss the literatures of research on vocabulary and language contact, and a brief introduction to the places and speakers of the investigation in this article. Chapters 2 and 3, the point of this thesis, classify and analyze the loanwords and their corresponding details. In Chapter 2, we expound the loanwords in the definition and principles of classification, and classify the loanword of the word forms to “part of word forms borrowing”, “whole parts of word forms borrowing”, and “loanblends of the Southern Min Dialect and Hakka Dialects”. The third chapter is about the phonological borrowing, including “part of phonetic borrowing” and “whole parts of phonetic borrowing”, and sum up the correspondence of the loanwords of word forms and the phonology in laws. Chapter 4 is about the ancient Chinese and the substratum of the Southern Min Dialect and Hakka Dialects. We prove the words are ancient Chinese by collecting the words spoken in Wu , Xiang, Gan, and Guangdong Dialects, also we show the literatures that mention the words we found. The substratum, we get the words spoken in Zhuang, Dong, Miao, Iao, She language and Austronesian for point of view to compare with the Hakka Dialects and the Southern Min Dialect. The fifth chapter, we generalize the different results caused by the interaction between the Taiwanese Hakka Dialects and the Southern Min Dialect as well as these in their hometown. We induce the corresponding laws of loanwords, and add up the number of the vocabularies of ancient Chinese, the substratum, and the loanwords. And we coordinate the research achievements and its deficiency in the end. |
