| 摘要: | 五都十七縣的新制讓我國地方自治進入新的里程碑，五都之間因經濟條件、社會結構與都市化之不同而有所差距，制度設計亦有所不同，加上現有十七縣市的問題，將呈現治理不易的情形。對此，實有必要引介外國經驗，為可能的難題提出建言，在民主國家的地方自治經驗之中，二十世紀之初的美國實為一可堪借鑑的經驗。美國是二元聯邦制國家，地方自治屬於州的權力範疇，常出現州議會恣意剝奪與侵犯地方政府自治權的情形。1870-1920 年代美國興起一波都市自治運動，地方自治法人的數量、型態及權力有不小擴展，地方自治呈現多元發展狀態，美國此一階段都市自治運動的經驗實可供我國參考。本計畫是兩年期研究，研究課題有三個部分，第一部分將探討美國二十世紀初都市自治運動的緣起、法理與各州現行規定；第二部分是剖析美國都市自治運動時期地方自治研究課題的類型，並闡釋古德諾都市自治學說的內容與洞見，以體現當時地方自治學說的精義；第三部分則是在美國都市自治運動經驗與古德諾都市自治學說闡述後，反思美國經驗對台灣地方自治發展可能的啟發。本計畫將採文獻探討法、歷史考察法、文本詮釋法及深入訪談法進行研究，希望在引介美國地方自治發展經驗的同時，能提供未來我國地方自治發展面對難題時的可行建議。The new system of ‘five municipalities and seventeen counties’ is a landmark of local self-government in Taiwan, and the differences of economic conditions, social structures, urbanization degree, and institutional designs between the five municipalities and seventeen counties will make local affairs ungovernable in the future. We have to introduce foreign experiences to deal with the coming wicked problems, and USA’s development approach would be fit for Taiwan among available alien experiences. USA is a dual-federal country, and the local self-government affairs belonged to the field of state government, especially the State Capitol, the federal government interfered rarely and the state legislatures often violated and deprived the powers of local governments arbitrarily. During 1870-1920, there was a municipal home rule movement in USA, and municipal corporations had great advancements in quantity, types and powers. It made local self-government in USA more open, pluralistic, and complex than ever, and this movement is a good example to Taiwan. This research plan is a two-year program, and it is composed of three parts, the first part will discuss about the origins and jurisprudence of municipal home rule movement in early 20th century, and the existing provisions of local self-government of fifty states in USA; the second part will investigate the research types of local self-government during 1870-1920, and the contents and insights of Frank J. Goodnow’s municipal home rule doctrine to express the significances of local self-government at that time; the third part will provide some suggestions upon Taiwan’s local self-government development from the viewpoint of American experiences aforesaid, and this plan will proceed with literature review, historical exploration, text interpretation, and in-depth interviews research methods. This program, a research of American municipal home rule movement in the early 20th century, not only gives us more understanding about local self-government in USA, but also proposes some good advices for solving the coming problems of local self-government in Taiwan. 研究期間：10008 ~ 10107 |
