| 摘要: | 在歷史上，一個國家的興替是有賴於經濟的維持，財源最主要來自人民的賦稅，故掌控一國之人口相當重要，因此需推動相關的戶口查記。 戰後，國民政府任命長官公署接管台灣的一切事務，其中一項就是推動戶政制度，除了與財源相關外，另外一個目的是企圖使人民對國家產生認同。長官公署在戶政方面於1946年4月公佈「戶籍法」，使台灣人民成為以戶管理的中華民國人民，因而陸續擴辦相關戶政事務，如戶籍登記、戶口異動登記、普發新式國民身分證及改正街道名稱與編釘門牌等。 在戶政系統的推行過程中，遇到諸多不同問題，使戶政制度不如預期的進行：第一，1945年8月，戰爭甫結束，國民政府還處於混亂階段，雖有長官公署負責接收事務，但是戶政接關單位設置不及，時間尚無法配合長官公署所要求的時間；其二，人員與相關的訓練不足，無法立刻投入戶籍行政，從事人口之調查；最後，傳達法令機關或是媒體效能無法發揮，以致人民無法接收相關消息，故無法配合國家之政策等，因而戰後戶政制度的建立比原先所預估的時間晚了。 本文除了討論戰後戶政制度之建立外，也討論長官公署在過程當中所遇到相關問題，如戰後臺灣人民之國籍認定、回復姓名或是外國人因為婚姻關係及外國人歸化之更名改姓問題。 Historically, the rise and fall of a country depends on the maintenance of its economy and the main sources of financial resources are taxes from the people, so the control of a nation’s population is important and therefore need to promote related census. After the war, the Nationalist government appointed the Executive Office to take over all matters in Taiwan, one of which was to promote the household registration system, in addition to the association with financial resources, the other attempt was to make people to identify the country. In terms of household, the Executive Office announced “Household Registration Law” in April 1946, so that the people of Taiwan became a household administrative people of the Republic of China, which gradually expanded to related household affairs, such as household registration, household address change registration, new ID card, reformed street names, organized house numbers and so on. In the process of carrying out household registration system, encountered many different problems made household registration system did not proceed as expected: firstly, in August 1945, the war just ended, the nationalist government was still in the chaotic stage, although the Executive Office responsible for the affairs, insufficient household units were unable to coordinate the request time by the Executive Office; secondly, lack of personnel and related training, could not immediately put into the household registration administration and go into population surveys; finally, the potency of the law transmission institutions or the media were unable to display, people cannot receive related news, so that cannot cooperate with the national policies, and thus the establishment of the postwar household registration system was later than originally expected. The paper not only discusses the establishment of the postwar household registration system, but discusses the related problems the Executive Office encountered in the process, such as the nationality identification of the people of Taiwan after the war, name retrieve, or name change of foreigners because of marriage and foreigner naturalization. |
