半導體業的運作需仰賴大量承攬商，且交付承攬之作業因其型態、規模及工期等，而有各種不同的狀況，人員作業與使用設備潛在危害及風險皆不相同。勞委會及新竹科學園區公布的資料顯示，重大職業災害發生於承攬作業者佔有相當高的比例，因此半導體業可利用風險評估的方式，使各項承攬作業的危害皆在有效控制內。風險評估除遵循OHSAS 18001系統標準要求執行外，為能有效評估風險，需依據評估對象的特性擬定風險評估工具。因此藉由實務運作的資料，可有效掌握承攬作業特性，以建立評估風險時所需且可信的評估因子。 由半導體廠工安人員及承攬商以實務經驗進行作業步驟、週期及操作物質等危害判定，以作為評估風險時的依據。本研究建立的承攬作業之風險評估工具，是藉由半導體業實務運作資料庫，利用作業特性分析承攬作業危害類型，並建立風險等級判定準則，另以作業安全分析（Job Safety Analysis, JSA）為本研究執行危害鑑別及評估風險重要的依據。本論文所提出的風險評估工具以案例分析方式確認其有效性，結果顯示確實可以滿足半導體業評估承攬作業風險的需求，並適用於常見的承攬作業。針對承攬作業各項危害進一步分析，得知各項危害以墜落與化學品洩漏造成後果最為嚴重，需加強其防護措施。而事故處理以保健中心處理最常見，此部分須持續監控，以避免衍生重大事故。由澳洲NSCA Risk Score Calculator經迴歸分析獲得的風險評分公式得知，降低風險可由暴露程度與嚴重度著手。 本研究所建立的承攬作業風險評估工具，除了可應用於承攬作業外，亦可應用於半導體業之各項作業風險評估，而半導體業進行承攬作業評估時可參考本研究評估結果。 The semiconductor industry relies on outside contractors to perform various tasks using all kinds of equioment and at different times. Consequently, risk levels associated with contractor operation are relatively high. According to the Council of Labor Affairs and the Hsinchu Science Park Administration Bureau published data, a great portion of serious occupational accidents involved contractors. Contractor safety has become one of the basic requirements in occupational safety and health management system standards such as OHSAS 18001. This can be achieved by managing the risks associated with contractor works. This study is aimed to develop a risk assessment methodology for contractor activities based on a database from the semiconductor industry. Comprehensive job characterization and job safety analysis are conducted. A case study is utilized to verify the usefullness of the proposed rsi assessment technique. The results show that the proposed methodology is capable of identifying the hazards of contractor activities and the associated risks. This study confirms the fact that the most serious risks of contrctor works are fall from height and chemical spills. Management efforts should focus on these high-risk activities. The infirmary treatment is the most common emergency response measure. Results of risk assessment, conducted by following the procedures of the Risk Calculator of the National Safety Council of Australia, reveal the fact that risk can best be controlled by lowering exposure and/or the consequence of a particular hazardous contractor task. The purpose of this study is to develop a contractor risk assessment tool. It could be applied to contractor and other types of jobs performed in the semiconductor industry. The results of this study can be extended to other types of operations in the semiconductor industry.
