在自來水淨水程序中，常採用高分子凝聚劑作為混凝劑或助凝劑，以提高水中懸浮微粒的去除率；並且以添加消毒劑(氯)來去除原水中之致病菌。但消毒劑(氯)會與高分子凝聚劑反應，產生致癌性的消毒副產物，對人體健康造成極大的威脅。此外，在黏土表面催化下，會促進有機化合物進行一連串反應，所以水中懸浮微粒可能提供一反應介質，催化高分子凝聚劑與消毒劑(氯)反應。 本研究以不同價數過渡金屬陽離子來改變黏土表面特性與孔隙結構，並以不同表面特性之黏土，模擬自來水原水中之懸浮微粒(黏土)。針對不同表面特性之黏土在淨水程序中，對高分子凝聚劑與消毒劑(氯)所造成的影響加以深入探討。 研究結果顯示：不同表面特性黏土(鈦-蒙特石除外)的表面積隨著交換性金屬陽離子的原子半徑減小而增加；孔隙值則隨著交換性金屬陽離子的離子半徑變小而降低。其次，利用不同表面特性黏土模擬原水懸浮微粒之氯化反應時發現，當黏土表面帶過渡性金屬陽離子時，所產生的消毒副產物生成總量與總生成物種，比黏土表面帶非過渡性金屬陽離子多，且隨著反應時間的延長，消毒副產物生成總量也會隨著增加。含過渡金屬陽離子黏土之系統經氯化反應後，以二氯甲烷和氯仿增加最為明顯。在反應系統中氯化反應過程添加抑制劑，發現抑制劑可明顯降低黏土催化能力，使得消毒副產物生成總量和生成物種減少。 During the drinking water purification process, synthetic organic polymers are usually used as coagulants or coagulant aids to enhance the removal rates of suspended solids. Until this time, chlorine was used to kill or inactivate pathogenic organisms in the form of a solution. However, the surfaces of these suspended solids which are composed of natural clays, could possibly provided a powerful reactive medium in which the reactions between adsorbed polymers and disinfectants (chlorine) could occur, which resulted in producing a variety of disinfection by-products (DBPs). In this study, the influences of surface characteristics of clays on chlorination of organic polymer coagulants in drinking water purification were investigated. Clays with transition metals were obtained by exchanging the original cations of Ca2+-montmorillonites by Ti4+, Fe3+, Cu2+, Mn2+ cations. The experimental data demonstrated the wide diversity of metal-clay complexes for the catalysis of DBPs. In the simulated drinking water purification processes, clays with transition metals catalyzed the reactions between the organic polymer coagulants and disinfectants (chlorine), forming a large number of DBPs than clays with no charges in the interlayers. Transition-metal clays catalyzed the chlorination reactions formed a large number of DBPs than non-transition metal clays. The source of exchangeable ion played an important role on the catalytic ability of clays. When strong chelating agent were added, the formation of DBPs was significantly inhibited, demonstrating the important function of transition metal on the clays. A pronounced tendency was noted in this work, the total formation amounts of DBPs significantly increased with increasing reaction time and catalytic potential.
