| 摘要: | 台灣地區工業廢水污泥每年產量約394萬公噸，且有逐年增加的趨勢。如此龐大數量的污泥目前多以掩埋處理，台灣地狹人稠，未來勢必要朝向資源化利用，以解決土地需求的問題。基於以上理由，本研究以焚化方式將不同性質的工業廢水污泥製成灰渣，並進行基本特性分析以及水泥材料化研究，目的希望建立工業廢水污泥灰渣特性並將其應用於水泥替代材料。本研究採取七種不同來源工業廢水污泥，經比重、含水率及揮發性固體物分析後，於模具式焚化爐焚燒，產生的污泥灰渣經球磨機研磨後進行化學組成分析、物理特性分析、微觀分析以及卜作嵐活性分析，並將污泥灰渣製成石灰漿體、水泥漿體，再以XRD分析灰渣其水化產物。另外本研究也以灰渣取代部份砂漿水泥，討論灰渣對新拌水泥砂漿及硬固水泥砂漿各項性質之影響。除此之外，為求提升灰渣性質，本研究並以研磨加工、改變污泥焚化溫度，以及污泥灰渣二次灼燒配合水淬處理等方式，探討污泥灰渣卜作嵐活性之提升效果。而經由以上實驗結果發現，污泥灰渣表面呈現不規則狀，並且內部含有許多孔隙，取代砂漿水泥時，隨取代量增加，將造成新拌砂漿流動性降低，及硬固砂漿抗壓強度下降。另外，本研究發現部份污泥灰渣的卜作嵐活性高於飛灰，具有提升砂漿早期強度之效果，其原因為污泥灰渣內部含有高嶺石礦物所致。至於污泥灰渣中之重金屬鋅的成份，可能影響水泥水化，因此卜作嵐活性較低。另一方面，本研究發現，以研磨加工方式增加灰渣細度、提升污泥焚化溫度以及污泥灰渣二次灼燒並配合水淬處理等方式，均能有效改善灰渣本身卜作嵐活性，以及其添加於砂漿中的工作性。此外，研究中也發現在相同焚化條件下，經水淬處理的灰渣與室溫冷卻的灰渣，以水淬處理具有較高的卜作嵐活性。 The production of industrial wastewater sludge in Taiwan has reached 394 million metric tons per year. Meanwhile the sludge production is still growing. Since the landfill site is insufficient, the industrial wastewater sludge must be incinerated and the ash must be recycled and reused. For this reason, this study investigated the feasibility of reusing industrial wastewater sludge ash in cement mortar to replace partial cement. Consequently, both the properties of ash and mortar were analyzed. In this study, sludge sampled from different industries was burned into ash in the laboratory. The specific weight, water content, and volatile solid of raw sludge were analyzed prior to the combustion. The ash collected from incinerator was finely ground. Then the chemical composition, physical properties, and pozzolanic activity of ash were analyzed. The ash was also observed under scanning electron microscope. Both the ash cement paste and lime paste was prepared. Therefore the hydration product of pozzolanic reaction was observed by x-ray diffractometry. The prepared industrial wastewater sludge ash was used to replace mortar cement. Both the properties of fresh and hardened mortar were analyzed. On the other hand, some modification methods for ash were also tested in this study. These methods included ash grinding, incineration temperature change, and secondary calcination followed by water quenching. The enhancement effect on ash pozzolanic activity of these modifications was investigated. According to the research results, the industrial wastewater sludge ash was found a porous material with irregular surface. When the ash was used to replace mortar cement, its water-adsorption capability will result in the reduction of mortar workability and compressive strength. Besides, part of ashes of this study was found to have higher pozzoalnic activity than fly ash. It is due the present of metakaolin mineral in sludge ash. On the other hand, the present of zinc in sludge ash was found to inhibit the hydration of portland cement. Thus the compressive strength of ash mortar was reduced. Regarding ash modification, this study found that ash grinding, incineration temperature change, and secondary calcination were effective for pozzolanic activity enhancement respectively. These modifications were also found to be effective on resolving the workability reduction problem of ash mortar. For secondary calcination, this study found that the water quenching is more effective on pozzolanic activity enhancement than air-cooling. |
